a. Robots- computer controlled machines that are designed to perform specific tasks.
b. Computers- that help track inventory, time the delivery of parts, control the quality of production, track wear and tear on machines, and schedule maintenance.
c. Engineers- used CAD and CAM technology softwares to design products and the machines that carry out the task of making those products.
d. Web cameras- allow workers and monitors to watch the production really anywhere, even in a different continent.
6. What is de-skilling? What is up-skilling? Give examples of each.
De-skilling is when a job is transformed so that it requires less skill. For example, computerized cash registers replace numbered buttons with button labels that may say"large hamburger". Therefore clerks who use these machines don't really need to know math or the prices of items, they just press buttons and the computer does the rest. Up-skilling is when a job becomes more technical, requiring the worker to have more skills. For instance, a lot of clerical jobs become more technical when offices integrate databases, spreadsheets, email systems, Internet connections, fax modems, and other computer technology.
7. Describe several of the controversies surrounding the electronic sweatshop.
One thing is that these workers experience health issues and even anxiety and stress. Another is that workers are only paid minimum wage. Also, a rising number of electronic sweatshops are located across national borders from corporate headquarters in countries with lax labor laws and low wage scales.
9. What were the goals of education in the industrial age? Which are still appropriate in the information age? Which are not?
The goals in the information age were to teach students the basic facts and survival skills they would need for jobs in industry and agriculture- jobs that they would probably have for their entire lives. Students should learn in the same ways and the same things. The teacher's job is to "pour" facts into the students and occasionally test their level of knowledge. Students are to work individually, absorb facts, and spend most of their time sitting quietly in straight rows. Those that are still appropriate in the information age are the skills needed to survive in the world of jobs. Those which are not are that students should learn in the same way and that students are expected to work individually and absorb facts.
10. What kind of an education does a student need to prepare for living and working in the information age?
They need an education where these principles are executed: technological familiarity, literacy, mathematics, culture, communication, and learning how to learn. Learning must be a lifelong process. Students must learn more facts; the must learn how to think and learn.
12. Describe how multimedia can be used by teachers and students in the classroom. Give several examples.
Multimedia can be used by teachers through simple slide shows, elaborate graphical simulations,
and multimedia demonstrations such as videos. Multimedia can be used by students through CD-ROMs, videos, interactive kiosks, and Web pages.
14. Technology alone is no guarantee that students will learn better or faster. What else is necessary to ensure success?
To ensure success, schools need to include teacher training, ongoing support, and restructuring of the traditional "factory model" curriculum.
16. What are smart cards, and how are they used?
Smart cards look like standard credit card, but instead of a magnetic strip, it contains an embedded microprocessor and memory. Smart cards basically replace magnetic-strip credit cards. They store critical ID information and automatically records transactions for later retrieval.
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